Guhinga ni ubwoko bwibikoresho byubuhinzi kubutaka buhingwa. Igizwe nicyuma kiremereye kumpera yigitereko, ubusanzwe gihujwe nitsinda ryamatungo cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikurura. Iyobowe kandi nimbaraga zabantu. Ikoreshwa mukumena ubutaka no guhinga ibiti kugirango bitegure kubiba.
Abahinzi bo muri Mezopotamiya na Egiputa batangiye kugerageza amasuka mu myaka 5500 ishize. Isuka yo hambere yari ikozwe mu bice byimbaho Y, igice cyishami cyo hepfo cyacapwe mumutwe, kandi amashami abiri yo hejuru yakozwe mubice bibiri. Ihambire isuka ku mugozi uyikurure n'inka. Isonga isiba umwobo muto muto mu butaka. Abahinzi barashobora gutwara isuka n'amaboko yabo.
Kugeza mu 3000 mbere ya Yesu, isuka yari imaze kunozwa, bituma isonga iba "ploughshare" yashoboraga gufungura neza ubutaka, no kongeramo isahani yo hasi ishobora gusunika ubutaka kuruhande.
Isuka y'Ubushinwa yavuye i Leihe. Ubwa mbere, irashobora kwitwa "LEIYU". Nyuma yo gukoresha inka gukurura Leibo, yagiye itandukanya buhoro umuhoro na Leibo, hamwe nizina ryiza rya "umuhoro". Isuka yagaragaye mu ngoma ya Shang kandi urashobora kuyisanga mu nyandiko ya oracle. Isuka yo hambere yari yuzuye muburyo na sisitemu. Isuka y'icyuma yagaragaye kuva ku ngoma ya nyuma y’iburengerazuba bwa Zhou kugeza mu gihe cyizuba n'itumba, kandi inka zakoreshwaga mu gukurura amasuka. Mu ngoma y’iburengerazuba ya Han, hagaragaye umuhoro ugororotse, ufite amasuka gusa. Mu bice bibura inka, "umuhoro wo gukandagira" ukoreshwa cyane. Muri iki gihe, hari amasuka akandagira mu turere duto duto two muri Sichuan, Guizhou no mu zindi ntara. Isuka yo gukata nayo yitwa "Min" na "umuhoro wamaguru". Mugihe ukoresheje, kandagira ikirenge cyawe kugirango ugere ku ngaruka zo guhindura ubutaka. Indirimbo na Zhou qufei "hanze y'imisozi. Gusubiza imigenzo yaho mu izina ry'abandi":
Isuka ikozwe nk'ikiyiko kandi ifite uburebure bwa metero esheshatu. Ku iherezo ryambukiranya, ibirenge birenze kimwe, aya maboko yombi nayo yafashe. Mu masuka, hashyizweho ikiganza kigufi ibumoso, ari naho intara y’ibumoso ikandagira. Mu masuka, hashyizwemo ikiganza kigufi ibumoso, kandi aho ikirenge cyibumoso nacyo ni iminsi itanu yo gukandagira ku isuka irashobora kuba umunsi wo guhinga inka, zidafite uburebure nkubutaka.
Mu ngoma ya Sui na Tang, imiterere y'isuka yaratejwe imbere cyane, kandi isuka yuan yagoramye iragaragara. Usibye ukuboko kw'isuka, hari n'inkuta zo guhinga, imyambi yo guhinga no kugereranya amasuka. Nk’uko Leidan Sutra ya Lu guimeng abitangaza ngo hari ibice 11 bikozwe mu biti n'ibyuma, bishobora kugenzura no guhindura ubujyakuzimu bwo guhinga. Ifite uburebure bwa metero 2,3 kandi nini cyane. Irashobora gukururwa gusa ninka ebyiri. Inzu Ndangamurage y’Ubushinwa ifite kopi y’isuka yingoma ya Tang. Ihame ryayo ryemejwe nimashini yubu iyobora imashini. Ugereranije n’isuka igororotse yuan mu ngoma y’iburengerazuba bwa Han, isuka ya Qu Yuan mu ngoma ya Tang yongereye isuzuma ry’amasuka, rishobora guhura n’ibikenewe bitandukanye byo guhinga byimbitse no guhinga buke; Urukuta rw'amasuka rwarakozwe neza. Mu ngoma ya Tang, urukuta rw'amasuka rwari ruzengurutse, rushobora gusunika ku butaka bwasenyutse ku ruhande, kugabanya kurwanya imbere, no guhirika ubutaka kugira ngo bikureho ibyatsi bibi.
Isuka ikoreshwa mu Burayi bwa kera ntabwo yahindutse cyane kuva mu muringa. Gusa umunwa wamasuka wasimbuye inkwi nicyuma kuva mu kinyejana cya cumi mbere ya Yesu. Muri iki gihe, umuhoro uzamurwa mu burebure runaka n'umuhinzi, bisaba imbaraga zitari nke. Imirongo n'imisozi yahinguwe ntabwo bigororotse cyane cyangwa byimbitse cyane, bityo bigomba guhingwa kabiri. Iyo uhinga inzira ya kabiri, kora inguni iburyo hamwe nicyerekezo cyambere.
Mu Burayi, ubwoko bushya bw'amasuka bwakoreshejwe kuva mu kinyejana cya mbere mbere ya Yesu. Ifite uruziga rwo kugenzura ubujyakuzimu bwo guhinga, bikiza umuhinzi. Isuka nshya ifite icyuma cyo guhinga cyo guca ubutaka nicyitegererezo cyo guhindura ubutaka. Furrow ni ndende kandi nziza, isimbuza uburyo bwambere bwo guhinga. Isuka nshya iremereye kuruta iyakera kandi isaba imbaraga nyinshi zo kuyikurura, bityo abahinzi bahinga inka. Ubworozi bw'amafarasi bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya cumi na cumi na rimwe.
Isuka iracyakoreshwa mu bice byinshi byisi, harimo nu Bushinwa.
Ibikoresho bisa n'amasuka nabyo byitwa "amasuka".
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-18-2022